Egrets and Friends
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In the Thick Stuff
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Savannah-type buffaloes have black or dark brown coats with age.
Old bulls often have whitish circles around their eyes and on their face.
Females tend to have more-reddish coats. Forest-type buffaloes are 30 to 40% smaller, reddish brown in colour, with much more hair growth around the ears and with horns that curve back and slightly up.
Calves of both types have red coats.
A characteristic feature of the horns of adult male African buffalo (southern and eastern populations) is that the bases come very close together, forming a shield referred to as a 'boss'.
From the base, the horns diverge downwards, then smoothly curve upwards and outwards and in some cases inwards and or backwards.
In large bulls, the distance between the ends of the horns can reach upwards of one metre (the record being 64.5 inches 164 cm).
The horns form fully when the animal reaches the age of 5 or 6 years old, but the bosses do not become "hard" until it reaches the age of 8 to 9 years old.
In cows, the horns are, on average, 10 to 20% smaller, and they do not have a boss.
Forest type buffalo horns are smaller than those of the savanna type buffaloes from Southern and East Africa, usually measuring less than 40 centimetres (16 in), and are almost never fused.