Elephants can exhibit bouts of aggressive behaviour and engage in destructive actions against humans.
In Africa, groups of adolescent elephants damaged homes in villages after cullings in the 1970s and 1980s.
Because of the timing, these attacks have been interpreted as vindictive.
In parts of India, male elephants regularly enter villages at night, destroying homes and killing people.
Elephants killed around 300 people between 2000 and 2004 in Jharkhand while in Assam, 239 people were reportedly killed between 2001 and 2006.
Local people have reported their belief that some elephants were drunk during their attacks, although officials have disputed this explanation.
Purportedly drunk elephants attacked an Indian village a second time in December 2002, killing six people, which led to the killing of about 200 elephants by locals.